Wave pattern (reference)

Courtesy of MAZDA MOTORS CORP.

Oscilloscope setting 

• 2 V/DIV (Y), 5 ms/DIV (X), DC range

  Vehicle condition 

• Idle (after warm up)

Courtesy of MAZDA MOTORS CORP.

Oscilloscope setting 

• 2 V/DIV (Y), 5 ms/DIV (X), DC range

  Vehicle condition 

• Racing (Engine speed: 2, 000 rpm)